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What Are the Common Causes of Miscarriage and How Do They Affect Pregnancy?

What is a Miscarriage?

A miscarriage is the loss of a pregnancy before 20 weeks. It is also called early pregnancy loss. Many women experience this, and it can be very upsetting. However, knowing the causes of a miscarriage may help you understand why it happens. Most miscarriages occur in the first trimester, which is the first 12 weeks of pregnancy. According to the CDC, about 10% to 20% of known pregnancies end in miscarriage. Still, the actual number may be higher because some miscarriages happen before a woman knows she is pregnant.

Common Causes of a Miscarriage

There are several reasons why a miscarriage may happen. Often, it is not caused by anything the mother did. Below are some of the most common causes of a miscarriage:

  • Chromosome problems: Most miscarriages are due to problems with the baby’s chromosomes. Chromosomes carry genes, and if there is a mistake, the baby may not develop properly. This is the most common cause of early pregnancy loss.
  • Health conditions: Some health issues in the mother, such as uncontrolled diabetes or thyroid disease, can increase the risk.
  • Infections: Certain infections, like rubella or listeria, may lead to miscarriage.
  • Problems with the uterus or cervix: Issues like fibroids, a weak cervix, or an irregularly shaped uterus can sometimes cause miscarriage.
  • Hormone problems: Low levels of certain hormones, such as progesterone, may affect pregnancy.

    • Sometimes, the cause of a miscarriage is never found. Even so, most women who have a miscarriage go on to have healthy pregnancies later.

    Risk Factors That Increase the Likelihood

    While anyone can have a miscarriage, some factors make it more likely. These are called miscarriage risk factors. Understanding these can help you talk to your doctor about your own risk. Here are some common risk factors:

  • Age: Women over 35 have a higher risk of miscarriage than younger women.
  • Previous miscarriages: Having two or more miscarriages in the past increases your risk.
  • Chronic health problems: Conditions like high blood pressure or autoimmune diseases can raise the risk.
  • Smoking, alcohol, or drug use: These habits can harm a developing baby and increase miscarriage risk.
  • Obesity: Being very overweight may also raise the chance of early pregnancy loss.
  • Exposure to toxins: Contact with harmful chemicals or radiation can be a risk factor.

    • Even with these risk factors, many women have healthy pregnancies. But knowing them can help you make healthy choices.

    How to Reduce Your Risk

    Although not all miscarriages can be prevented, there are steps you can take to lower your risk. Here are some tips for preventing miscarriage:

  • See your doctor before trying to get pregnant, especially if you have health problems.
  • Take prenatal vitamins with folic acid every day.
  • Keep chronic conditions, like diabetes or thyroid disease, under control.
  • Avoid smoking, alcohol, and illegal drugs.
  • Maintain a healthy weight through diet and exercise.
  • Wash your hands often to avoid infections.
  • Limit exposure to harmful chemicals and radiation.

    • Above all, regular check-ups and open talks with your doctor can help you stay healthy during pregnancy.

    When to Seek Medical Advice

    It is important to know when to call your doctor. If you notice any of the following signs, seek medical advice right away:

  • Heavy bleeding or passing tissue from the vagina
  • Severe stomach pain or cramps
  • Fever or chills
  • Feeling faint or dizzy

    • Even if you are unsure, it is better to ask your healthcare provider. Early care can help protect your health and well-being.

    If you have concerns about miscarriage, consult a healthcare specialist for personalized advice. They can answer your questions and guide you through your options.